The Cork Examiner, 7 June 1847
T H A N K S .
   Rev. T. Barrett returns his most grateful thanks to J. J. Murphy, for a donation of five pounds, for the poor of the district of West Scull ; to Mr. Edward Finn, Grocer, North Main-street, for a donation of 1l.
   The Rev. Mr. O'Regan gratefully acknowledges the receipt of one pound from John Ballard, Esq., for the relief of the Indigent Sick of the South Parish.
   The Rev. Mr. O'Regan gratefully acknowledges the sum of two pounds from the young gentlemen of the Society of the Immaculate Conception, their second contribution to him for the benefit of the Indigent Sick of the South Parish.
   The Sisters of Mercy beg to acknowledge having received 10l from J.D., for which they return their most grateful thanks.
   Mr. Rae, J.P., Kell, co. Kerry, most gratefully acknowledges an order from the Society of Friends per Abraham Beale, for 4 sacks of rice for the sick poor of Kell—this is the fourth grant made by them to him.
   The Society of Saint Vincent de Paul gratefully acknowledges the receipt of two pounds from a friend through Alex. M'Carthy, Esq., Town Clerk ; also a seasonable contribution of female clothing from the Cork Ladies' Clothing Society ; and some shirts, ticks and linen from an anonymous benefactor.
B I R T H S .
   This morning, at her father's residence, 20, Prince's- street, Mrs. P. R. Tivy, of a son.
   At Clifton Villa, Belfast, on the 2d inst., the Lady of John Taylor, Esq., of a daughter.
   On the 3d inst., at Woodview Cottage, Ballincollig, the Lady of H. W. Curtis, Esq., of a daughter.
   At Poonah, on the 22d of April, the Lady of John Biggs, Esq., H.M. 8th Regt., of a daughter.
   In Tralee, the Lady of Wm. J. Neligan, of a daughter.
   On the 27th ult., the Lady of John Hilliard Lawlor, Esq., Provincial Bank of Ireland, Coleraine, of a daughter.
   On the 1st inst., in Dublin, the Lady of W. Torrens M'Cullagh, Esq., of a son.
   On Saturday morning, on Godfrey-place, Tralee, the Lady of Edward Orpen Palmer, Esq., of a son, which survived its birth but a few minutes.
   In Denny-street, Tralee, on Thursday last, the Lady of William J. Nelligan, Esq., of a daughter.
M A R R I E D .
   June 1, at Kyle Church, by the Rev. John Booker, Cadwallader Wilson, Esq., youngest son of the late Admiral Wilson, of Birch Grove, co. Wexford, to Elizabeth Harriett, eldest daughter of the late Clement Archer, of Ballyharran, Esq.
   On the 1st inst., at Monkstown Church, by the Rev. Thomas Gibbins, the Rev. Charles Gayer, to Mabella Anne D'Estere, eldest daughter of Nicholas Skottowe Parker, Esq., of Belle Vue, in this county.
   On the 3d inst., at the Catholic Chapel, St. Mary's, Moorfields, by the Rev. John Rolfe, Don Victor de Larraondo, of Cadiz (late of London), to Ysabel Elena Ana, eldest daughter of Michael Collins, Esq., of Huxton.
D E A T H S .
   On the 1st inst., at Hawthorn Cottage, Skibbereen, of fever, Robert Evans, Esq., in the 49th year of his age.
   On the 21st ult., of fever, in Cove-street, Mr. M. McDermott, aged 41 years.
   On the 2d inst., of fever, at his residence in Charleville, James J. Sullivan, Esq., M.D.M.R.S.L., &c., second son of the late John Sullivan, Esq., of Tullilease House, in the county of Cork. This gentleman is universally and deservedly regretted by all who knew him, and has left a wife and young family to lament their sad bereavement.
   At Innoshannon, on the 30th ult., of fever, the Rev. David L. Cahill. It may be truly said, that this much esteemed and universally lamented clergyman fell a martyr to the duties of the priesthood, onerous at all times, but especially so, since famine and disease have commenced to desolate the land. His warm feeling towards those who were favoured with his friendship, his kindness to the poor, his urbanity to all, and his zealous and indefatigable devotedness to the labours of his sacred calling endeared him to both priests and people. His genuine worth was known and appreciated in the districts where he always laboured as a faithful missionary. Whilst the clergy deplore in him the loss of a cheerful co-operator in the great work of religion,—they are consoled with the hope that he is now enoying the fruits of a well spent life in an eternity of happiness. May God have mercy on his soul.—Amen.
   On Friday evening, at her father's residence, Strand- street, of decline, in the thirteenth year of her age, Maria, the youngest and beloved daughter of Henry Blennerhassett, Esq., M.D.
   In Killarney, on Wednesday last, of brain fever, after a very short illness, Mr. James Wallace, driver of the Tralee and Killarney mid-day mail car.
   On the 15th of April last, at Kandy, Ceylon, of dysentery, Mr. Henry Sample Howlet, surgeon, aged 36, eldest son of Mr. Howlet, of Bartlett's, Dublin, Solicitor.
   On the 1st inst., in the 63d year of his age, Lieut.-Col. Elton, late of the 1st Dragoon Guards.
   On the 24th ult., at 35, Montagu-place, Russel-square, Mary Ann, widow of the late Col. John Murphy, of Malaga, a Knight of Alcantara, &c., in the 58th year of her age.
   On the 28th ult., in Church-place, Piccadily, Guido Sorelli, translator of “Paradise Lost.”
   On Sunday night, the 30th ult., at the English Embassy, Paris, Charles Kinnaird Sheridan, Esq., youngest son of the late Thomas Sheridan, Esq., aged 30.
   DEATH OF DR. LITTON.—We regret to announce the death of Dr. Litton, Professor of Botany to the Royal Dublin Society, and, independently of his professional attainments, one of the most learned and amiable men, certainly, in Ireland. The death of Dr. Litton, which was sudden, occurred yesterday, soon after his lecture at the Botanic Gardens.—Evening Post.
   Prince Louis Napoleon Achille Murat, son of the celebrated Murat, died in America on the 15th April last, at his residence in Florida. He was 46 years of age. His manners were eccentric ; but he was a man of learning, and author of various works on America, which are much esteemed.
——<•>——
   The Hereford Times states in the villages near that city, a belief is prevalent that, in consequence of the high price of food, the queen has ordered all children under five years of age, and all grown persons more than seventy years old, to be put to death.
Submitted by dja

The Cork Examiner, 14 June 1847

B U R G L A R Y .
——————
Two notorious characters were arrested on Friday last, and brought beofe the magistrates on Saturday morning by Constable O'Neill, for having broken into the store of Mr. Nicholas Cummins, Warren's-place. The burglars entered the stores by the skylight, and broke open several desks, expecting to be amply repaid for their trouble and risk by the money they contained, but in this they were fortunately disappointed. Mr. Cummins reported the circumstance to Constable O'Neill, who, on the following morning, arrested two men named Charles Vaughan and Thomas Murphy, upon whom sufficient suspicion rests to warrant their detention.
   The same active constable arrested, a few days since, two men, Thomas Conroy and Patrick Lucey, who had attempted a similar manouevre on the store of Mr. George Laurence, Albert-quay. Informations were received against all the prisoners.
RECORDER'S COURT—FRIDAY.
—————————
   Thomas Dillon was found guilty of stealing a shawl the property of Mr. Daniel Healy, South Main street. To be imprisoned for a fortnight with hard labour, and to be twice whipped.
   Mary Anne Morrogh, was found guilty of stealing a carriage cushion from Mr. Eden's Coach factory. Sentence deferred.
   Patrick Kelleher and Jeremiah Sullivan, charged with stealing a book case from Mary Herlihy of Spring lane. Guilty.—to be imprisoned for 6 weeks.
   Timothy Hayes, who pleaded guilty last Court day to stealing a brace of pistols from the shop of Mr. Richardson, Gun maker, Patrick street, was sentenced to be transported for 7 years.
   Catherine Fagan, found guilty of stealing wearing apparel. To be imprisoned for 6 months with hard labour.
   Margaret M'Namara was acquitted of a charge of stealing £1 5s from Patrick O'Sullivan.
   Thomas Harrington pleaded guilty to the charge of stealing £100 from his employer Mr. M'Kenzie of Pine street. Sentence deferred. The Court then rose.
S H O P L I F T I N G .
—————
A Young woman, named M'Carthy, was brought up at the Police Office this morning on a charge of having stolen a quantity of property from the shop of Messrs. Arnott & Co., Patrick Street. It appeared the prisoner went into the shop of Messrs. Arnott on Saturday evening, and under pretense of purchasing some trifling article endeavoured to abstract some “insertion.” She was followed into the street by one of the assistants who found the goods in a basket in her possession. Although the property in question was of a trifling character the prosecution was proceeded with as, within the last week, several pieces of silk and other articles of value have been missed. The prisoner was particularly noticed to bestow her patronage frequently upon this establishment. Informations were drawn up, and the prisoner was remanded to take her trial before the Recorder.
   KILMALLOCK, June 15.—Charles Eyre Coote, of Mount Coote, Esq., in this County (Limerick) has advanced the rate of wages to the Labourers employed in Mount Coote, from ten pence to one shilling, a day, and has also ordered a good substantial dinner, (Bread and Milk) to be given to all the labourers, men, boys, and girls, in his employment, over eighty in number. This is abundantly supplied to them every day at one o'clock in the presence of Mrs. Coote. These generous acts now, in the time of need, should be in record for that benevolent family. —Correspondent
STREET BEGGARS.—Our streets are once more beginning to be infested by numbers of sturdy mendicants, who either squat themselves close to the shop windows, or block up the door ways, much to the injury of the owners, and who refuse to budge an inch, without the striking compulsion of the “Specials,” who are undoubtedly at present the shopkeeper's best friend.
Submitted by dja

The Cork Examiner, 21 June 1847

AMERICA—EMIGRATION. THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AND THE IRISH EMIGRANTS. MORTALITY ON BOARD EMIGRANT SHIPS.
——————————
(From the New York Correspondent of the Freeman.)
   New York, May 30, 1847.—The great social phenomenon of the day is emigration ; and it is developing itself with a rapidity and a power which must soon materially affect and derange all those institutions and laws which some within its influence ; at least here, where its disturbing force is, from obvious causes, much greater felt than in the old world. . . . At Boston, Baltimore, in a word, at every sea-port to which there is any influx of emigration, the public authorities have been obliged to resort to extraordinary means to meet the necessities of the great human movement from the old world to the new ; and everywhere, I think it may be said with truth, that such arrangements are made in a liberal and benevolent spirit.
   CAUTIONS—REMEDIES, etc.—In the way of caution I have little to add to my former letter. A good ship, cleanliness, and enough of wholesome food will land the emigrant on our shores so fit and hearty as can be expected after a sea voyage.
   As an invariable rule ships of the second class are to be eschewed. A first class ship, or a packet, makes all the difference in the world in favour of the emigrant. The other day the American liner, Constitution, brought here 580 passengers, the greatest number ever taken by a single ship. There was but one death (of a child) on the passage, and very few of the passengers were sick, thanks to the order and regularity on board, but still more to the sound timbers, lofty between decks, and every way excellent steerage accomodations of this noble vessel. Almost every day the liners deliver large numbers of passengers under circumstances as fortunate.
   How is it with the ancient ships, especially within those old weather beaten vessels, ill-regulated, ill-provided, ill-ventilated, from British ports? I cut a few paragraphs at random from the newspapers of to-day and Saturday, which may answer the question :—
   “On Saturday (at Boston), the British ship Omega, from Liverpool, brought 387. She started with 398, but eleven died on the passage. Twenty were so sick on her arrival that they could not get on deck. Forty more in a little better condition, were enabled by assistance to leave the confined and fever-generating atmosphere of the steerage.”
   But the Omega was very far from being a very bad case. Many of the second class British ships lost from eight to ten, or twelve, per cent. on the passage, say 25 out of 200. Here is a dreadful case—also a British vessel if I mistake not—become almost a plague ship :—
   “The other day the ship John L. Shepherd arrived at Boston with a crowded cargo of starving and diseased human sufferers, having lost on her passage fifty of her passengers and nine of her crew by the putrid ship fever. One poor fellow fell and expired whilst leaving the ship to enter the alms-house waggon, whilst near the after-hatch lay another corpse, and around it were squatting emaciated and squalid beings—to all appearance merely biding their time—their staring but leaden eyes fixed in stolid vacuity upon the deck. Thirty-five of these wretched persons were said to have been at once admitted to the alms-house.”
   Again, by taking a liner or first-class ship, you can always be sure of being landed at the port agreed on.—They are always owned by responsible parties. With other vessels it is different. Here is an instance :—
   “DISTURBANCE IN BOSTON HARBOUR.—The British brig Mary, Capt. Wyman, from Cork, arrived at this port 17th inst., with forty-six steerage passengers. The city authorities would not suffer them to be landed, owing to their destitute condition, unless the master gave bonds that they should not become a burden to the city. This he was unable or unwilling to do, and came to the conclusion that he must take them to Halifax, for which port he accordingly cleared on Saturday.”
   One more word—although it is so trite as to be tedious as a thrice-told tale. Once landed here, let not the emigrant linger in the cities. Everything depends on his pushing into the country somewhere—his health, his morals, his life. If the almost tropical heats of our American summers catch him in the hot and crowded cities, they will shrivel him up. Fortunately this season there has been thus far an unusual demand for agricultural labour, which has taken off large drafts of the emigrants. The public works of the state of Illinois have been resumed, and the state commissioners are in town ready to take labourers to the spot (the state advancing the money for their passage), and give them from 75 cents to a dollar a day (from three to four shillings). The Erie railroad has taken, or will take, three thousand labourers at the same rate. Yet what are all these among so many?
   In this city, I suppose we will not have any severe suffering —thanks to the ample powers with which our commissioners of emigration are invested. How it will be in other cities, when the demand for farm labour will have been over, and all temporary means of relief will have been exhausted, one hardly ventures to think.
   This only is plain—that every emigrant who has the means should fly straight into the country when he lands ; let him not consider his voyage ended till he gets there. If he has not the means, he must go—in this city, by the help of our commissioners, elsewhere, by the public help if he can get it ; if not, let him beg or work his way. But into the country he must go. The city is for him the mere ante-room to misery, vice, and death.
   BOROUGH OF KINSALE.—We understand that Thomas Dixon, Esq., J.P., of Newtown Park, intends to offer himself as a candidate for the borough of Kinsale, at the ensuing election. Mr. Dixon's political tendencies are Liberal. He is an opponent to the Church Establishment, and we believe would not be an opponent to the re-adjustment of the Union between England and Ireland on a Federal basis.—Freeman.
   MAYO.—Mr. Dillon Browne will leave London for the west of Ireland this night, or to-morrow morning, with the view of meeting his constituents, and rendering an account of his parliamentary stewardship previous to the general election. Mr. G. H. Moore, who recently contested the representation with Mr. Joseph M. M'Connell, has avowed his determination of again seeking the suffrages of the Mayo electors.—Freeman Correspondent.
DISTILLATION FROM SUGAR.
   Messrs. Roe have concluded their Sugar operations for the season, and the result is, that they are quite confirmed in the opinion that more than 10 1/3; Gallons of proof Spirits cannot be obtained from the ordinary run of Sugar, where as the Excise experiments showed fully one Gallon more, say 11 1/2; Gallons. They tried Honduras, Jamaic, and Madras Sugars, but found very little difference in the extract, and none whatever in quality.
   The Spirit we have seen, and it is remarkably fine. —Mercantile Advertiser.
IMPORT OF PROVISIONS.
THE following arrivals have been entered in the Custom House since our last publication :—per Ajax Steamer from London, 209 bags biscuit ; Timandra from Cavilla, 2250 quarters Indian Corn ; Kate from Galatz, 1300 quarters Indian Corn ; Marchioness of Bute, 1300 quarters Indian Corn ; Tito from Salonica, 1500 quarters Indian Corn ; Minerva Steamer from Liverpool, 355 bags Rice, 10 packages Flour ; Lima from New Orleans for Society of Friends' Poor Relief Committee, 361 barrels Flour, 598 barrels Indian Corn Meal, 16 barrels Beans, 6 barrels Pork ; per do. for American Consul, 4818 sacks Indian Corn, 42 sacks Wheat, 25 barrels Flour, 42 barrels Corn Meal, 2 barrels Beans, 2 barrels Beef, 26 sacks Peas ; Ballinacurra Lass from Malta, 890 quarters Indian Corn ; Lucinda Jane from Liverpool, 3500 bushels Indian Corn.
EXPORT OF PROVISIONS.
SINCE our last :—per Ajax steamer for London, 202 firkins Butter, 73 bales Bacon, 12 casks Hams, 254 sacks Wheat ; 28 tierces Provisions, 50 barrels Indian Meal, 656 sheep, 33 calves, 300 boxes eggs, 50 head cattle, 90 boxes salmon ; Elizabeth for Port Talbot, 120 barrels oats ; St. Michael, for Tralee, 300 barrels Indian Corn ; Nancy Browne for Newport, 76 head cattle, Wanderer for New Passage, 230 sheep ; William for Newport, 340 sheep ; Brothers for Newport, 100 head cattle, 60 sheep ; Shannon, for New Passage, 240 sheep, 80 head cattle ; Jane and Mary Anne, for Newport, 110 sheep, 60 head cattle ; Nonpareil for Newport, 300 sheep.
   RELIEF FROM VAN DIEMEN'S LAND.—A private letter from Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, announces that the splendid subscription of £5,000 has been made in that Colony for the Relief of the Distressed Irish, and that, in addition, a vessel has been chartered with a cargo of wheat for the same benevolent object.
   Letters received in town to-day announce the death at Bath, on the 12 inst., of Mr. George Ogle Moore, who some months since retired from the office of Registrar of Deeds, in which he was succeeded by Mr. Morgan O'Connell, one of the younger sons of the late Mr. Daniel O'Connell. Mr. Moore formerly represented the city of Dublin in the Imperial Parliament, and, although returned on the high church and old corporate interest, was highly respected by men of all parties. By his death a large pension reverts to the Crown, and, I believe, a considerable increase to the salary of Mr. Morgan O'Connell is a consequence of the melancholy event. —Times Correspondent.
   James Whiteside, Esq., Q.C., is on a visit with his brother, the Rev. J. Whiteside, of Ripon.
   UNPRECEDENTED QUICK PASSAGE TO AMERICA.— The barque Barbara, R. C. Presse, Esq., of Galway, owner, of and from Galway, arrived at Halifax, on the 19th day of May, after a passage of thirteen days, landed all her passengers, in good health, 265 in number. Most of them got immediate employment.
   HARVEST PROSPECTS.—Our reporter has been travelling through the counties of Clare and Limerick. In the latter county vegetation has assumed a most refreshing appearance. The English barley and several fields wheat are in full ear, a most extensive tract of land is laid under potatoes, which are promising plenty, and the whole aspect of nature is assuming a promising relief to the destitute poor.—Clare Journal.
   Whole meal is reduced £1 per ton, and oatmeal £2 per ton, in price.
MITCHELSTOWN.
A CORRESPONDENT says :—“Fever is frightful here ; we have lost our second Coadjutor, the Rev. Mr. Reardon—the best of men. Our Relief Committee is now reduced to Dr. Greaves and Mr. Michael O'Brien. The Rev. Mr. O'Brien is recovering from a bad fever, and our excellent Secretary, the Rev. Henry Disney lies dangerously ill—God only knows, where this will all end.”
MUNIFICENT CHARITY.
   The Christian Brothers have recieved through the charitable influence of the Rev. P. Cooper of Dublin, £20, the offering of a benevolent lady towards the relief of the destitute children of their schools, for which they offer their grateful acknowledgement.
THE TENANT RIGHT QUESTION.
———————
   The muster of Irish members was, as usual, very scant, and, on looking over the subjoined list, you will find that many of those who ought to have supported the hnourable member for Rochdale absented themselves, and shrunk from lending their aid towards securing the enactment of one of the few practical Irish measures introduced this session. The O'Conor Don and Sir William Sommerville displayed somewhat better taste than Mr. Monaghan. Neither the Under Secretary for the Home Department nor the junior Lord of the Treasury could screw up their courage to join the ministerial opposition—in all probability, having before their eyes the fear of landlord oppressed constituencies at the ensuing general election.
   IRISH MEMBERS FOR THE FIRST READING.—Sir H. W. Barron, Martin J. Blake, J. J. Bodkin, John Boyd, Viscount Castlereagh, John Collett, M. E. Corbally, Cecil Lawless, Alexander M'Carthy, Sir D. Norreys, J. O'Brien, Timothy O'Brien, M. J. O'Connell. Tellers.—W. S. Crawford, E. B. Roche.
   AGAINST THE SECOND READING.—W. Bunbury, T. J. Burke, Hon. H. A. Cole, H. Corry, Sir R. Ferguson, Edward Grogan, Lord C. Hamilton, A. Lefroy, J. H. Monaghan, D. R. Ross, F. Shaw, Sir W. Verner, John Young, Hon. W. Browne. —Freeman Correspondent.
   ORDINATION OF MR. NEWMAN.—Mr. Newman was ordained subdeacon and deacon at Rome in Whitsunweek, and on Trinity Sunday received the priesthood at the hands of Cardinal Fransone in the church of the Propaganda.
   There are six livings vacant in the Diocese of Ossory (whose Bishop is on the Continent), some at influential localities such as Donoughmore, Ross, and Kilbenny, and no one as yet nominated to fill them, though some have been months vacant ; and the localities at these times, of course, suffering from the want of the head and purse of a resident clergyman. It is reported, but we believe untruly, that the Bishop (O'Brien) would be happy to resign his mitre and return as a Fellow to alma mater T.C.D.
   We daily receive pleasing accounts of the flourishing growth of the Potato from the different localities about this city.—Ibid.
Submitted by dja

The Cork Examiner, 25 June 1847

TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK EXAMINER.
——————————
Ballinhassig, June 22, 1847    
   SIR.—I have much pleasure in stating that potatoes and corn are promising and most abundant. The former for the quantity planted, not inconsiderable, is by many degrees superior to what we have had, at this season any year for the last ten. Amongst them there is not the least appearance of disease.
   In this opinion I am confirmed by the testimony of members of Relief Committees and farmers from Kinsale to Ballincollig.
   I am sorry I cannot say that disease does not exist amongst the human beings. Fever is almost in every house in the villages of Ballinhassig and the half way to Bandon. Every cabin in the Mountain part of Inniskinny Electoral District is infected—and not one particle of food or medicine is given to relieve those destitute people by the Relief Committee. I attended this committee meeting to-day, and although their wants were admitted by every member, nothing was done save to request the Commissioners of relief to send us some Medical Inspectors. I suggested to have the houses and habitations of the poor washed with lime and otherwise purified ; but this was considered by one of our leading members a matter very difficult to be done. So then the poor sick people are now, all hands idle from public works, to live or die without medical aid. It has been stated also that as sufficient accomodation is in the Union Workhouse for all old and helpless people, there, and there alone, are they to be supported, that any rations given them at the long-withheld food depots would render the accounts and expenditure of such depot incapable of being passed by the Cork Finance Committee.
   I am satisfied that such is not the law and I am sure the gentlemen acting on that Finance Committee, whose names our former chairman mentioned, are incapable of doing the poor such injustice.
   I am, Mr. Editor, your truly,
JOHN HALANAN, P.P. Ballinhassig    
M A L L O W ,   J U N E   1 6 .
——————————
TO THE EDITOR OF THE CORK EXAMINER
   SIR—After a week out, in the following counties, I feel glad to state my opinion of the Potato Crop as I have found it. I went to Doneraile, Kanturk, Ballyclough, Mallow, Buttevant, Wallstown, Kildorrery, Mitchelstown, Fermoy, and the borders of the county of Limerick, Tipperary and Waterford, and I never found a diseased stalk, but three. One of them was at Mr. Newman's, one at Mr. Haggart's, Marble Hill ; the other near Kildorrery. I left no place in all the country without examining, and in my life I never saw the potato or corn crop look so luxuriant and healthy.
                      I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
DAVID RING.    

STATE OF FEVER IN THE CITY.
NUMBER IN HOSPITAL THIS MORNING.
      Cork Fever Hospital   195   Vacancies   3
      North Infirmary 153         Do 0
      Barrack-street 230         Do 8
      Cats Fort 110         Do 8
      North Fever Sheds 82         Do 3
       ——      —
      Total in Hospital 770   Vacancies 22
   The weather, since our last, has continued changeable, and fever amongst the poorer classes, has undergone no change. We are glad, however, to state, that amongst the more comfortable classes fewer individuals are attacked.
Submitted by dja
Ireland Home Page
County Cork

IMPORTANT NOTICE: All rights to the pages found within this site are retained by the original submitter of the information. Pages may be printed or copied for personal use only. They may NOT be reproduced in any form in whole or in part by any individual or organization for profit.