The
Newry Commercial Telegraph
January 1, 1828
Newry, County Down
Important
Notice:
1. All rights to the pages found within this site are retained by the original submitter of the information. Pages may be printed or copied for personal use only. They may NOT be reproduced in any form in whole or in part by any individual or organization for profit. 2. Subject to (1) above, if you cite or quote from any part of the abstracts from this page, use the Bibliographical Reference provided at the bottom of this page. For use on the web, also provide a link back to this page and to the IrelandOldNews home page. ==========================
Birth, At Belturbet, on the 22d ult., the Lady of the Rev. W. E. HEARN, of two sons. **************************** Married, On Thursday last, at St. George’s Church, Everton, by the Rev. F. Gardiner, B. D. the Rev. FRANCIS BRYANS, M.A. Farndon, near Chester, to SARAH CLOUGH, only surviving child of the late Richard Clough Bury, Esq. Manchester. On Monday the 24th ult. in Comber Church, by the Rev. George Birch, HENDERSON BLACK, jun., Esq. of Belfast, to SUSANNA, eldest daughter of the late Andrew Allen, Esq. of Mount Pleasant, near Dublin. On the 20th ult. in St. Michan’s Church, Dublin, ANTHONY SILLERY, Esq. of Ardee, County of Louth, to JANE, daughter of the late Thomas Owens, Esq. of Julianstown, County Meath. In St. Peter’s Church, Dublin, by the Rev. Wm. Higgin, GEO. LANGTRY, jun. of Fort William, Belfast, Esq. to MARGARET, daughter of Nath. Callwell, Esq. Fitzwilliam-square. **************************** Died, In Gloucester-street, Dublin, on the 19th ult. in the 20th year of his age, GEORGE ANDERSON, jun., Esq., student in Trinity College, eldest son of the Rev. James Anderson, of Seaview, in the County of Down. On the 19th ult. at Ballyboley, near Larne [Co Antrim], aged 74 years, Mr. JAMES ROBINSON, an elder of the First Presbyterian Congregation of Larne. He was an unassuming, upright, and kind-hearted man. His religion was not mere profession ; it had its seat within the heart, and disposed him to live in peace, and to esteem every good man, whatever was his peculiar creed. **************************** DREADFUL ACCIDENT. ARMAGH, DEC.29.--On Wednesday evening last, a poor boy, named James Keenan, about 14 years old, whilst attending a threshing machine at Fellowshall, had the misfortune to be caught and dragged in, by which his right arm was so dreadfully shattered as to render immediate amputation indispensible. The operation was performed by Surgeon Colvan, assisted by Dr. Johnston. The boy now lies in the Infirmary here, and is doing very well. The most humane attention has been afforded him by T. K. Armstrong, Esq. in whose work he received the injury, and by Mr. Frazer, of Fellowshall. **************************** Counties of Louth and Meath. In the matter of NICHOLAS NORRIS, An Insolvent Debtor. TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION, by Order of the Assignees in this Matter, on TUESDAY the 8th of January next, at the hour of ONE o’Clock in the Afternoon, at the House of Mr. NICHOLAS DIVIN, Inn-keeper, in the Town of ARDEE, and County of LOUTH, the INSOLVENT’S INTEREST in those Extensive and Valuable CONCERNS, situate near the BRIDGE of ARDEE, in the County of LOUTH, consisting of a DISTILLERY, together with TWO DWELLING HOUSES and TWO SMALL CABINS, an Extensive MALT HOUSE and CORN STORES. The said Interest is held by Insolvent, by Lease for Ever, at the Yearly Rent of 50 Guineas. Also, the said Insolvent’s INTEREST in the LANDS of CREVA, in the County of MEATH, containing 107 Acres or thereabouts, held by Insolvent, by Lease for Lives Renewable for Ever, at One Guinea and a Half per Acre. Said Lands are Ser to [?] Two Solvent Tenants, for 3 Lives or 31 Years, and produce a Nett Profit Rent of £181 13s. 3d., late Currency. Further particulars may be known, by application to JAMES M’ALISTER, Esq. one of Insolvent’s Assignees, DUNDALK; or to Mr. JOHN SHAW, Attorney, 26, Lower Ormond-Quay, DUBLIN. The King’s Duty to be paid by the Purchaser. Dated 27th Nov. 1827. JOHN CORRY, Auctioneer, DUNDALK. **************************** CHRISTMAS. AT the late EXAMINATIONS of NEWRY SCHOOL, Master Browne and Master Mulligan obtained PREMIUMS for General Good Answering and Diligence since the Summer Vacation. The School will open on MONDAY on the 7th of January. **************************** NOTICE. THOSE Persons indebted to the late Mr. THOMAS BURKE, Feather Merchant, Castle-street, Newry, are requested to have their Accounts paid forthwith, otherwise proceedings will be taken against them according to law. Any Debts due by the Deceased will be paid by Mr. EDWARD BURKE, Castle-street, Newry; or, Mr. JAMES BURKE, No. 8, Black-Hall Place, Dublin, who are duly empowered to sue for any Debts due to the deceased. Newry, Castle-street, 24th Dec. 1827. **************************** MURDER NEAR CASTLEBLAYNEY. We mentioned in our Paper of the 14th ???, that a respectable old man, named John Ross, farmer, residing near Killicard, near Castleblayney, had been deliberately shot in his own house by some ruffian, or ruffians, unknown. We have now the melancholy task of recording, that the unfortunate man has since died of the wounds he received, and that the perpetrators of this murder--than which none more atrocious and cold-blooded has for some time come within our knowledge--remain, up to this moment, undiscovered ; nor has anything yet transpired at all calculated to throw light on the motives which have prompted the assassins to take the life of their peaceable and unoffending victim. The shot, which has been attended with so fatal an effect, was fired, it will be recollected, through a window (and probably from a blunderbuss) at the moment the venerable old man was preparing to go to bed. What is singular, the deadly engine had not been charged in the ordinary way, with ball or slugs, but actually with small pieces of cut iron, 11 of which took effect on the body of deceased. Ross was a Protestant, but our informant, a highly respectable Gentleman of that neighbourhood, is not of opinion that either political or religious feeling had anything to do in the case.--A large reward has been offered, and we do hope that the diabolical wretches will, ere long, be dragged to light, and meet that punishment their crime so richly merits. **************************** NOTICE. WHEREAS, by Letters Patent, hearing date the 19th day of December, in the 14th year of the Reign of King Charles the 2d, it was granted to the Right Honorable ARTHUR HILL, that certain Towns and Lands, situate in the Barony of LOWER IVEAGH, in the County of DOWN, should be created into one entire Manor, by the same of the Manor of HILLSBOROUGH, with powers to hold, within the Manor, a COURT LEET twice in every year -- a COURT BARON every three weeks, or seldomer, for all actions of Debt, &c. which should not exceed 40s. ; and also a COURT of RECORD, at such times and places as should be thought fit, with power to hold Please of all actions of Debts, &c. and all other personal and mixed actions whatsoever, wherein the Debt or Damages should not exceed the value of £200. These several Courts to be holden by such Seneschal as the Grantee should appoint, with other powers and extensive privileges to the said Grantor, as in said Letters Patent mentioned. And whereas the present MARQUIS of DOWNSHIRE, the lineal descendant and heir of the said Right Honorable ARTHUR HILL, to whom the Patent or Charter was granted,--hath, by virtue of the powers so vested in him, appointed CHRISTOPHER READ, Esq. to be Seneschal of said Manor of Hillsborough. Notice is hereby given, that the said CHRISTOPHER READ will open the MANOR COURT, pursuant to his appointment, at the COURT-HOUSE, in HILLSBOROUGH, on MONDAY the 7th day of January next, 1828, and preside, as Seneschal, for all the purposes aforesaid, under the powers in said Charter mentioned, and in conformity to the several Acts of Parliament made for regulating the jurisdiction and practice of Manor Courts in Ireland. HILLSBOROUGH, 6th Dec. 1827. **************************** DOWN SESSIONS. COUNTY OF DOWN, TO WIT. THE next GENERAL QUARTER SESSIONS of the PEACE for the COUNTY of DOWN will be holden at NEWTOWNARDS, on WEDNESDAY the 9th, and at HILLSBOROUGH on TUESDAY the 15th days of January next. JOHN CRAIG, C. Peace. PETTY SESSIONS. At the desire of the Governors of the County, the MAGISTRATES are requested to assemble on the 1st day of each of the above Sessions, for the purpose of dividing the County into Districts, and fixing within such Districts the places for the holding of Petty Sessions, pursuant to the provisions of the Act of the 7th and 8th of the King, Ch. 67. JOHN CRAIG, C. Peace. **************************** NEW RIGA FLAXSEED. JAMES M'CLENAHAN daily expects a Cargo of prime good New Sowing FLAXSEED, which he will Sell Cheap, on the passage, or on arrival ; he would now Sell at 25s. 6d per Barrel. J. M'C. has on Sale, TALLOW, HEMP, TAR, BASS MATTS, RUSSIAN IRON, STAVES of sundry kinds, SICILY ASHES and KELP ; all these Articles to be Sold at low prices. Newry, 27th December, 1827. **************************** REWARD. WHEREAS, on Sunday the 12th day of August last, about the hour of Two o'Clock in the afternoon, a Mob of at least Fifty Persons, well supplied with fire-arms, and provided with crow-bars, and such instruments, came to the Townland of TULLY, in the Parish of LANGFIELD, and in the County of TYRONE, and levelled to the ground a Dwelling House thereon, the property of CHAS. SPROULE, sen., of GRANNAN, in the said County, the mason work of which had just been completed, and destroyed all the timber, &c. used in building the same ; and when CHARLES SPROULE, jun. son of the above, for whom the House was intended, appeared, several Shots were fired at him, by individuals of this party, and with difficulty, he succeeded in escaping. Now We, the undersigned, holding in abhorrence such atrocious villainy, and perfectly convinced that if the Perpetrators shall (in this case) be suffered to escape with impunity, there will neither be safety for the Persons or the Property of any Individuals, residing in the exposed situations in this part of the Country, who may happen to become obnoxious to any of the Party (we mean Rockites), of which these ruffians are supposed to be members, do hereby offer a reward of Three Hundred Pounds Sterling, Payable in proportion to the Sums respectively annexed to our Names, to any Person or Persons who shall, within Twelve Calendar Months from the date hereof, give Information against, and afterwards prosecute in Conviction, any considerable number of the Principals or Accessories engaged in this nefarious transaction ; And we also, in like manner, off the Sum of Fifty Pounds Sterling, for such private Information, within the same time, and with strictest secrecy observed, as shall lead to the Conviction of any considerable number as aforesaid. Application to be made to JAMES GALBRAITH, of JAMES WILSON, Esqrs. ; or to Chief Constable DUFF, all of Omagh; or to ANDREW SPROULE, of Grannan. --Dated this 21st day of December, 1827. [Here follows the List of Subscribers, with the Sums opposite their respective names, amounting in all to the Sum of £785.] Dublin Castle, 21st Dec. 1827. The LORD LIEUTENANT for the better apprehending and bringing to Justice, the Persons concerned in the Outrage Committed on CHAS. SPROULE, jun. is pleased hereby to promise His Majesty's most gracious Pardon to any of them (except the Person who fired the Shots), who shall, within Six Months from the date hereof, discover his Accomplices, so as they, or any of them, be convicted. Given at His Majesty's Castle of Dublin, the 21st day of December, 1827. By His Excellency's Command, WM. LAMB. **************************** ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE, OF LONDON, Established by Royal Charter, in the Reign of his Majesty King George the First, FOR ASSURING Buildings, Goods, and Ships FROM FIRE--ALSO, FOR THE ASSURANCE OF LIVES. Newry, 19th Dec. 1827. PERSONS whose ANNUAL PREMIUMS on FIRE INSURANCES fall due on the 25th instant, are hereby informed that RECEIPTS are now ready to be delivered at the Office, on the MERCHANTS' QUAY ; and the Parties Assured are required to apply for the Renewal thereof, on or before the 9th January next, otherwise their Policies shall be void, as the usual Fifteen Days allowed for Payment beyond the date of each Policy, will then expire. WILLIAM CARTER, AGENT. Policies Issued at his Office, MERCHANTS'-QUAY, NEWRY. **************************** |
MARY MORGAN BEGS leave to inform her Friends and the Public that she has removed to that House in HILL-STREET, adjoining the TRACT REPOSITORY, and is just returned from DUBLIN, with a variety of FASHIONABLE MILLINARY, Dresses, and Haberdashery, which she offers for inspection, and will dispose of on fair terms. M. M. cannot omit this opportunity of returning her grateful thanks to the Ladies of NEWRY and its Vicinity, for the kind encouragement she has received, and hopes to merit a continuance of their favour. Newry, Hill-street, 24th Dec. 1827. N. B. -- TWO APPRENTICES wanted to the DRESS-MAKING and MILLINARY Business. **************************** LATE RIGHT REV. DR. MARUM.—On the morning of Saturday the 22d instant, at a few minutes past eight o’clock, this venerable Prelate expired, at his residence in this city, in the 55th year of his age, after a severe and painful illness of a few days continuance. On the same morning on which he was attacked, and not many minutes before the sudden appearance of violent and strongly marked symptoms of the fatal malady, which was of a paralytic nature, and to which he fell prematurely a victim, he was as usual engaged in the discharge of the duties of his sacred ministry. The poor have deep reason to mourn the loss of this excellent Divine. Though 13 years Biship of Ossory, and of very retired habits, he was not worth one shilling when he died.—Kilkenny Paper. **************************** INQUEST ON THE BODY OF PATRICK CUNNINGHAM. An Inquest was held by John Byrne, Esq. Coroner for the County Louth, on Tuesday the 25th, and, by adjournment, on Wednesday the 26th ultimo, at the Red Cow inn, near Dundalk, on the body of Patrick Cunningham, who came by his death on the evening of the 24th, as briefly noticed in THE TELEGRAPH of Friday last. The first witness, John Markey, being sworn, said that the deceased was carried into his house at Plaster, wounded and bleeding, a little after nightfall on Monday night ; a great many persons, whom witness did not know, accompanied the deceased ; witness saw deceased laid down on the floor and his coat taken off ; did not speak to him ; he was wounded in the left side, just under the breast, and also under the right arm ; both wounds appeared to have been made with a sharp instrument ; witness did not see the deceased until brought into the house ; could not tell from whom he received the wounds. Andrew M’Neill, sworn—Was coming from Dundalk to his father’s, early on Tuesday morning, when he found on the side of the road, near to where the deceased was lying, the brass ornament of a soldier’s cap, with the number of the regiment (86) upon it ; this he identified. Mary Atkinson, sworn—Went to her door a little after dark on Monday night ; saw a crowd on the road and heard a noise ; saw Rose M’Ardle take a hat off and endeavour to force a soldier into Charles M’Ardle’s house, near to the house where deceased was lying ; heard Rose M’Ardle say to the soldier if he did not come in he would lose his life, and he went in accordingly ; the soldier had his cap on and a naked bayonet in his hand; he appeared to much frightened and apprehended ill treatment ; after he went into the house he put up his bayonet into the scabbard. Lawrence Waters, sworn—Corroborated the preceding testimony as to Rose M’Ardle forcing the soldier into the house. He deposed further that the soldier was quite sober; he had his cap on, the front of it behind ; he had his bayonet in the scabbard; saw a man put his hand behind the soldier’s back, and pull the bayonet out ; the deceased was wounded before the soldier came into M’Ardle’s house; witness had previously seen a crowd on the road fighting, and the soldier was among the crowd ; the soldier appeared to be running away or retreating towards Dundalk. Rose M’Ardle, sworn—Was coming from Dundalk on Monday evening ; saw a crowd on the road near the Red Cow; they were quarrelling, and there was a soldier among them with a drawn-bayonet ; saw Mr. John Kelly, of Jonesborough, publican, in the crowd ; he was quarrelling with the soldier ; witness went between them to prevent mischief; Kelly had a whip in his hand, with which he struck at the soldier, and the lash struck witness’s arm ; came on a little further ; saw some woman come out, bring the soldier into a house, and shut the door ; a crowd was after them ; the soldier said there was a comrade of his regiment, one M’Ardle, whose family lived in the neighbourhood, who would not see him struck ; the crowd then came up and again commenced quarrelling with the soldier ; saw the soldier knocked down nearly opposite Henry M’Ardle’s door; saw the person who knocked the soldier down, but does not know his name. Witness heard the crowd shouting and booing at the soldier, and abusing him. The soldier got away from witness, and witness requested the crowd to go away. The soldier addressed himself to the deceased, and asked him was he the person who wanted to kill him below on the road, and had abused and knocked him down ? He replied that he was not. Witness wanted the soldier to go away with her, and he would not. Deceased then said to the soldier “come with me;” the soldier replied “is it to go with you, you rascal, to take my life.” The bayonet was naked in the soldier’s hand, and he stabbed the deceased twice with it. The deceased had nothing in his hand ; after he was wounded he took up a stone and threw it.—Did not see deceased fall. Witness then brought the soldier into M’Ardle’s house. The soldier knocked down Kelly after he struck him with the whip, and not before. The soldier appeared to be much frightened and said he feared his life was in danger. Several persons followed the soldier into M’Ardle’s house. Witness did not know any of them. Mary Keane, sworn—Was coming from Dundalk market on Monday evening ; a soldier wished to get a ride on a cart from Mr. Kelly, the publican, of Jonesborough; Kelly and the soldier quarrelled about it; the soldier was struck by Kelly with a whip; he knocked Kelly down; there were several blows between them ; saw a person throw a stone at the soldier, and the crowd appeared very anxious to ill-treat him ; the soldier’s cap was struck off by a stone; he drew his bayonet and threatened to run it through the first person who should strike him; did not see the deceased till she saw him lying on the ground. Owen M’Ardle, sworn—His evidence was corroborative of the preceding testimony. Captain Vestu?me, 86th Regiment, sworn—He commanded a detachment in Dundalk ; Patrick Hare belonged to No. 1 Company, stationed there ; he was sent to Newry on Monday, by witness’s orders, with returns ; he is a very quiet and well-conducted man. George Charley, Sergeant of Police, sworn—Stated that the soldier was perfectly sober when he took him into custody. Major Creagh, sworn—Knew the soldier, the subject of the inquiry, several years ; always knew him to be a sober, steady, exemplary character ; as a proof of which he had always been retained as servant by an officer. After some deliberation the Verdict of the Jury was declared as follows :--“That the deceased came by his death in consequence of a wound he received in the left breast from a bayonet, inflicted by Patrick Hare, a private soldier in the 86th Regiment, at Plaster, in the County of Louth, on the evening of Monday, the 24th of December inst., whilst the said Patrick Hare was defending himself from a crowd of persons who had assaulted and thrown stones at him.” **************************** ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE A PROTESTANT CLERGYMAN. On Monday evening, between the hours of 8 and 9 o’clock, as the Rev. Mr. Hughes, Rector of the Parish of Killinick, in the County Wexford, was returning home from Taghmon, he was fired at from the plantation of Belmont, by an assassin, whose attempt upon the life of the Rev. Gentleman was frustrated by the interposition of Divine Providence. Mr. Hughes was travelling in a jaunting-car, and the horse being a spirited animal, became alarmed at the noise made by the assassin amongst the fallen leaves in the plantation. He swerved a little at the moment the shot was fired, and the ball therefore merely grazed Mr. Hughes’s back, and perforated the panel of the car. Had the horse continued in the line he was pursuing previously, there can be little doubt but that the Rev. Gentleman would have fallen a victim to the assassination with which he had been more than once threatened. **************************** REVENUE INVESTIGATION. THURSDAY, DEC. 27. The Court met at 12 o’clock, Thomas Waring and Trevor Corry, Esqrs. presiding. The first case proceeded with was that of The King v. M’Keown. John Clark was examined at some length by Mr. J. L. Forster, M.P. (Counsel for the Commissioners.) He deposed, in substance, that on the night of the 8th Oct. last, between 9 and 12 o’clock, he was at Gerald’s Pass; saw a crowd of people, from 15 to 20, on the line road ; they were squabbling about a boat that was in the Canal ; one party was for stopping it contrary to the wish of the other party ; it was a deck boat ; there were about 10 boxes and carts on the road ; witness saw the people take white cloths, or packages, out of the boat and place them on the carts ; did not see what was inside the cloths, but they smelled of tobacco. The witness was cross-examined by Mr. Perrin, K.C., but nothing material was elicited. He avowed that he at present received 14s. a week from the Revenue Board, on account of his coming forward to prosecute. A second witness, George M’Ilroy, servant to the Lock-keeper at Gerald’s Pass, deposed that he saw the carts coming along the track way of the Canal on the night in question, between 11 and 12 o’clock ; there were bags on some of the carts; could not say what was in the bags; witness pulled two handsfull of tobacco from one of them ; the defendant, M’Keown, was leading one of the horses ; his (witness’s) master stopped M’Keown’s cart. On his cross-examination by Mr. Perrin, he admitted that he also received 14s. a week for giving his evidence. He said it was middling clear on this night ; did not know M’Keown before, nor could he say what dress he wore ; said he had been drinking previous to seeing the carts, but was not tipsy. Mr. West, officer of Customs, proved having arrested the defendant. Case closed for the Crown. No witnesses were examined on the part of the defendant. Mr. Perrin, for defendant, advocated the cause of his client with his usual ability and address.—He submitted that the defendant, in point of law and fact, was entitled to an acquittal. He was charged with conveying 100lbs. of tobacco, such being unshipped in the County of Armagh, without payment of duty or any legal permit. Now, that the tobacco had been ever shipped, or where shipped, no evidence whatever was offered. A great deal of tobacco was grown in Ireland : the grower, according to law, might smoke, or chew his own tobacco, or make snuff of it, but he could not sell or move it off his farm. Might not the tobacco in question have been really grown in Ireland, and even in the County Armagh ? He instanced a case of a bale of tobacco that was seized in Dublin, and on which he and his Learned Friend (Mr. Forster) had been engaged. The bale, as in the present case, was covered with white cloth also ; but, as the fact turned out, the tobacco had been actually grown in County Wexford. As Magistrates, judges and jurors, how was it possible that the Court could come to the conclusion, from what had appeared in evidence, that the tobacco had been really unshipped, or whether it was of home or foreign growth ? Mere suspicion on the subject was not a fair ground of conviction. The evidence altogether was slight and of a doubtful character, and he submitted that the Court should be particularly satisfied of the facts before they inflicted on a poor man the heavy penalty of £100—a penalty, failure in the payment of which, must, under the present law, be satisfied with imprisonment for life. Mr. Forster, in reply, quoted from an Act lately passed, and on which he relied for a verdict.—In this Act it was stated, that the mere finding or getting of tobacco without a permit, subjected the parties concerned, and every one of them, to the penalty prescribed. The Court adjourned for a few minutes and found Defendant Guilty. In the next case, the King against Lewis Judge, the Defendant was also convicted on evidence that varied but little from the foregoing. FRIDAY, DEC. 28. In the remaining case, tried this day, the King against Peter Morgan, the Defendant was likewise convicted on similar evidence. **************************** CHARITY BALL. THE Annual CHARITY BALL will be held in the R. C. SCHOOL ROOM, on FRIDAY the 4th JANUARY, 1828. STEWARDS: Mr. Dennis Maguire, Mr. Arthur Russell, Mr. James Quin, Mr. Con. Maguire, Mr. John A. O'Hagan. ADMITTANCE: Ladies, . . . . . 4s. Gentlemen, . . . . . 5s. TICKETS to be had of the STEWARDS. Dancing to commence at EIGHT o'clock. **************************** M'GARAHAN v. MAGUIRE. THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, BY WESTLEY AND TYRRELL, NO. 11, LOWER SACKVILLE-STREET, And to be had of ROBERT GREER, Bookseller, Newry, AN AUTHENTIC REPORT Of this Important Trial, taken in short-hand, by JAMES MONGAN, Esq. Barrister-at-Law. THE Publishers assert with confidence that their Report is the only one containing an accurate and an impartial statement of the whole proceedings ; the only accurate one, having been procured through the influence of their professional friend, authentic Copies of all the letters given in evidence ; and the only impartial one, having determined not to lend themselves to any party, but to give an unbiassed [sic] account of the whole proceedings, as they occurred ; the splendid speeches of Messrs. BENNETT, O'CONNELL, and NORTH, together with the beautiful and elaborate charge of BARON SMITH, will be found most correct and satisfactory. A Copperplate Engraving of ANNE M'GARAHAN, with a fac simile of her hand-writing, accompany the Report; as also a fac simile of Mr. MAGUIRE's hand-writing. DUBLIN, December 22, 1827. **************************** |
IMPORTANT NOTICE: All rights to the pages found within this site are retained by the original submitter of the information. Pages may be printed or copied for personal use only. They may NOT be reproduced in any form in whole or in part by any individual or organization for profit.